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Negative energies are "swept" from the patient allergy and asthma clinic order cheap claritin online, typically with objects allergy treatment er purchase genuine claritin on-line, such as a handful of herbs allergy testing yakima buy generic claritin 10 mg on line, an egg, or an eagle feather. Curanderos who practice at the spiritual or mental niveles have developed the ability to communicate with spirit beings and, thus, to make known the spirit world to this world. They are said to channel healing vibrations from the spirit world to patients in need of physical or emotional healing (Trotter, 2001). Curanderismo is practiced more extensively among Latin Americans residing in the United States than generally assumed (Alegria et al. One study estimated that 150 to 200 curanderos and curanderas practice in the Denver metropolitan area. The studied showed that more than 63% of the Latino population had visited one of these curanderos in the past five years (1996 to 2001) and that nearly all of the Latinos in the Denver area (91. A case report published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in the 1970s did claim that two cases of psychosis were successfully treated with an integration of conventional treatment and curanderismo (Kreisman, 1975). Elmer and Alyce Green, 1977 To omit the spiritual element from our medical worldview is not only narrow and arbitrary, it appears increasingly to be bad science as well. Larry Dossey, 1995 Jeff Levin, a physician who researches the impact of prayer and spirituality on healing, examined the results of a general social survey that gathered information on Energy Medicine 217 1,481 adults over a 15-year period. Levin determined that there was an 86% lifetime prevalence of some type of mystical or paranormal experience among these individuals. That is a large majority, which means that a lot of us are keeping these experiences to ourselves. Larry Dossey, who for years has advocated the power of prayer, tells the story of a woman who came to speak to him after nearly everyone had left the hall where he had just given a lecture. She lamented that nobody wanted to hear her story and that people with experiences like hers are never interviewed on Oprah (Dossey, 1993). Discussion of mystical or healing experiences frightens most of us, makes us feel uncomfortable, and appears to strike extreme discomfort in the hearts of the vast majority of physicians. Levin says that his favorite closed-minded comment from a physician came from a peer-reviewed scientific journal in which the physician is quoted as saying, "This is the kind of thing I would not believe even if it existed" (Levin, 2001). What is it that makes so many people react with such skepticism to the possibility that there is a spiritual or subtle energy that exists outside the realm of the typical experience of the five senses? The truth is that all humans have insecurities, and physicians are constantly faced with the ultimate source of that insecurity, which is the fear of death and what may or may not follow that moment. In the United States, this fear has been escalated by the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It has taken me many years to realize that needless suffering, and not death, is the real enemy of the practicing physician. I have been a witness to numerous stories and experiences-totally unexplainable in everyday terms-that patients have related as they journeyed through an illness. The scientist in me is becoming much more aware of the mystery of life and the fact that there are phenomena that exist and are quite "real," but not yet explainable in scientific terms. It is now well documented that prayer, spirituality, and religious experiences can have an impact on both our physical and mental well-being. The research has received both unreasonable criticism (as addressed above) and some valid criticism regarding methodological problems. Even the best-designed studies leave some troubling questions about the impact of prayer and spirituality on health. So, is going to church just a positive source of socializing with associated health effects? But, what is truly exciting and needs to be more fully researched are those intrinsically religious individuals. There is a body of literature that deals with the specific health advantages that are associated with spending time in meditation or prayer. It is now well known that a number of psychological and psychosocial interventions can affect immune function and the course of a disease (see Simonton and Sherman, 1998, and Spiegel et al. Moreover, there are now a handful of studies that cover the issue of religion or spirituality and immune function (Koenig, 2000). Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of prayer in ameliorating disease in other people.
These two seemingly disparate themes come together in an interview Ornish conducts with Jon Kabat-Zinn allergy medicine effect on liver buy claritin 10mg line, Ph allergy forecast long island ny buy genuine claritin on-line. Kabat-Zinn speaks about finding an inner peace that is a total willingness to allergy shots vs sublingual drops buy claritin 10 mg line be at peace right now with things as they are. It means that you can stop letting your boss get to you and perhaps even appreciate the lessons as to why he or she acts the way he or she does. It means that you can be more accepting and understanding of why your partner does not and perhaps cannot do things the way you would like them done. Kabat-Zinn concludes, "To me, that [inner peace] is synonymous with love, and synonymous with intimacy, and synonymous with the highest wisdom and courage. The pineal is our master gland and the transducer and translator of external environmental information to the electrical and hormonal signals that the body is capable of reading. The theoretical basis for naturopathic medicine extends back to the earliest indigenous doctors or healers who used herbs, food, water, fasts, and tissue manipulation to maintain health and treat ill health when needed (Bastyr, 2008a). However, in licensed naturopathic medical schools, conventional medicine is taught alongside these treatments, and national practice standards, peer reviews, and high-tech, progressive scientific research have been instituted. In the United States, naturopathy was largely established by Benedict Lust, a German with degrees in both naturopathy and medicine, who was educated in hydrotherapy techniques. Kneipp requested that Lust go to the United States to train doctors in these techniques. Lust opened the first school of naturopathic medicine in the United States in 1902 (Murray and Pizzorono, 1998). As discussed in the "pharmaceuticals" section of this chapter, 1910 was also the year in which the paper by Abraham Flexner was published for the Carnegie Foundation and changed the orientation of all U. Nonetheless, naturopathic medical education and practice thrived until the 1940s when the advent of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals led many people to believe that a pill could cure whatever ailed you. The National College of Naturopathic Medicine, founded in 1956 by the noted naturopathic physician Dr. John Bastyr, had less than a 100 students in its early years (National College, 2008). Yet, by the 1970s, the tide had again turned, with many patients frustrated with the shortcomings of allopathic medicine. Today, Hippocrates is considered the earliest predecessor of naturopathic physicians. There are Six Principles of Healing in naturopathic teachings (which can be found, in various forms, at the Web pages of all accredited naturopathic medical schools), one principle of which is vis medicatrix naturae, or "the healing power of nature," a concept derived from the teachings of Hippocrates. While the concept also stems back to earliest indigenous healers throughout the world, it continues to be a central tenant of naturopathic philosophy today. Methods designed to suppress symptoms, without removing underlying causes, are 192 the Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine 2. Healing Power of Nature (Vis Medicatrix Naturae): the body has the inherent ability to maintain or restore health. The healing process is facilitated by the physician who can identify and help remove obstacles to health and recovery. Identify and Treat the Causes (Tolle Causam): Every illness has a cause, and the underlying cause of disease must be identified and treated for complete recovery to occur. Thus, they can be an indication that the body is trying to defend, adapt, or heal itself from the physical, emotional, or spiritual causes of disease. Naturopathic medicine is primarily concerned with the underlying causes of disease, rather than the symptoms. Treat the Whole Person: the physician must treat the whole person-a complex interaction of physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, genetic, environmental, social, and other factors. Prevention: the ultimate goal of naturopathic medicine is prevention, thus the study of health is important. Optimal health is accomplished through education and promotion of healthy ways of living. According to naturopathic medicine, one cannot be healthy if the living environment is unhealthy; therefore, it is the responsibility of both the physician and patient to create a healthy environment.
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The beguiling aspect of the study is that the greater number of years of night work allergy treatment and high blood pressure buy claritin with paypal, the higher is the rate of cancer allergy migraine buy claritin with american express. Activated allergy testing clinic cheap claritin 10mg with mastercard, circulating T lymphocytes and T helper cells are stimulated by melatonin, likely in a paracrine or autocrine manner, and then release endogenous opioids. This process results in immune-enhancing and stress-reducing responses (Maestroni and Conti, 1991a). In humans, melatonin is elevated during the night, and -endorphin secretion is low; the opposite holds true during the day. Intriguingly, the thymus (the site of T-lymphocyte maturation) is one of the main targets of melatonin. The presence of both melatonin and opioid receptors in the thymus strongly suggests a role for melatonin in immune recovery following elevated corticosteroid levels, such as occurs with stress or disease (Maestroni and Conti, 1991b, 1991c). The blood cells include erythrocytes, platelets, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes, and B lymphocytes. Like the immune system, hematopoiesis is influenced by both neural and endocrine factors. The multifaceted regulation of hematopoiesis involves a variety of circulating the Pineal Gland 365 and membrane-based cytokines, growth factors, and antigens that are presented to B and T cells. Recently, work has been done to identify new entities, such as neuropeptides or neurotransmitters, involved in hematopoiesis. Melatonin has been identified as one of these new factors that performs a crucial function in the hematopoietic process. It appears that melatonin has roles both in acute immune conditions as well as in general immune homeostasis or maintenance via the hematopoietic system. Levels of bone marrow melatonin in pinealectomized animals remain high, which indicates that melatonin most likely is synthesized in the bone marrow itself or at least is concentrated there (Conti et al. Amazingly, levels of melatonin in bone marrow are three orders of magnitude greater than those measured in the blood at night-even for pinealectomized animals (Maestroni, 2000; Reiter et al. Fascinating studies by Georges Maestroni in Switzerland indicate that bone marrow from mice not only has high levels of melatonin, but also contains a substantial amount of catecholamines-with both factors being involved in hematopoiesis (Maestroni et al. The opioids induced by melatonin receptor activation subsequently bind to -opioid receptors that are present on stromal bone marrow macrophages (Maestroni, 1999). It is these melatonininduced opioids that actually are capable of influencing the hematopoietic process. This newly identified immunehematopoietic network receives messages from the environment via the brain, conveyed, at least in part, by catecholamines and melatonin. Maestroni explains, "This subtle environmental influence of the blood-forming system might be even more fundamental than that exerted by the cytokine network" (Maestroni, 2000). Catecholamines transduce aspects of the restactivity rhythm, and melatonin conveys circadian information. Maestroni appropriately wonders if there could, therefore, be a neural regulation of the hematopoietic process that might influence a disease, such as leukemia, acute infection, or stress (Maestroni, 2000). In other words, this is clearly an avenue by which our general level of well-being or heightened state of stress is conveyed to our blood-forming mechanisms, and thus to our immune system. This is but one more major example of both whole systems integration and an environmentally based feedback loop between the endocrine, the immune, and now, the hematopoietic system. For example, the pineal helps regulate the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary 366 the Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine (Lissoni et al. New research indicates that prolactin actually is produced within the thymus (as mentioned, a major target site for melatonin) and has paracrine and autocrine actions, which serve to regulate thymic action (Savino et al. Here again we have one of those remarkable instances of systems interacting in a bidirectional manner, reminiscent of the systems integration paradigms reviewed in Chapter 2 (Maestroni, 1999). Similar to the picture that emerged with the systems integration paradigms, we see that melatonin has a variety of major endocrine actions. However, it also has autocrine or paracrine actions that enable interactive and integrative mechanisms to occur in a cumulative manner, which can result in outcomes just as significant as the more forcefully acting hormones and neurotransmitters. Melatonin potentially could allow the body to remember not only chemical information, but it could also help to retain a memory of the environmental factors contributing to or just simply present at the time of illness or stress. Historically, evidence supporting a relationship between melatonin and the reproductive hormones in humans was based on findings of reproductive disorders associated with diseases. For example, in 1898 Heubner described a boy with a pineal tumor who exhibited precocious puberty (the thinking being that melatonin was not available to suppress the sexual development).
The level of development or individual wealth will also be a determinant of where to allergy shots gerd discount claritin master card go allergy shots fatigue purchase claritin visa. Similarly allergy shots covered by insurance cheap 10mg claritin otc, SouthSouth migration, for example within Africa, is generally less costly and therefore more accessible for those who are relatively less well-off (Bakewell, 2009). It is however difficult to make generalizations given the diversity of migration patterns. Migration within Africa is more common and may be more significant for development, as the lower costs of migration make it more accessible to a wider number of individuals and even small-income increases may make a significant impact on poverty levels (Bakewell, 2009; Flahaux and de Haas, 2016). Receiving countries within Africa stand to benefit from migration; migrants can fill gaps in the labour market and bring new skills, ideas and innovation (Bakewell, 2009). Countries require policies on how to integrate migrants, especially in the face of possible xenophobia, although research in this area is limited (ibid. There can also be concerns about the pressure migrants might place on wages and public services. Similarly, there is no relation between health expenditure and education and varying levels of immigration or emigration (although, because of data limitations, formal correlation cannot be established) (ibid. Individual migrants and their families are also widely thought to benefit from migration, particularly through remittances (discussed in chapter 10). There is more debate around whether migration improves development for the sending countries at a community or national level. Developmental gains are often cited when migrants return to their country of origin, either permanently or as part of circular migration, and bring with them new technologies, skills, trade, investment and social norms (European Commission, 2011). Capital obtained through migration can be used for investment and business activities, which can in turn promote jobs and economic growth. European donors are thus funding new programmes to help returnee entrepreneurs in Africa to set up businesses in their country of origin (Еkesson and Baaz, 2015). Rates of return migration are however low; out of the total number of international migrants, only 3 per cent in Nigeria, 9 per cent in Senegal and 25 per cent in Burkina Faso returned to their country of origin in the 15-year period after migration (Ratha et al. There is therefore more debate and more significance to analysing what happens if migrants stay abroad, particularly in terms of the loss of highly skilled individuals and the impact of diasporic links, which are discussed next. The medical sector is most commonly raised in this debate; one study showed that the number of sub-Saharan African physicians in the United States of America had increased by 38 per cent between 2002 and 2011; more than half of this increase was accounted for by Nigerian doctors, although Liberia was the most affected as 77 per cent of its estimated 226 physicians had migrated to the United States (Tankwanchi et al. It can seem a commonsense conclusion that the emigration of doctors, for example, will have a negative impact on the health sector of the country of origin because there will be less doctors and the loss of investment in training costs. A closer examination reveals the complex dynamics at play that may offset the seeming losses. Migration may, for example, increase the skills and knowledge of those who emigrate, which will later benefit the country of origin if migrants return (Black et al. Clemens shows, for instance, that the low health staffing levels and poor public health conditions in some African countries characterized by outmigration are actually the result of factors entirely unrelated to international migration of health professionals. He suggests the poor health indicators are instead because of the "geographic and public/private sector distribution of health professionals in the sending country, the skill mix of the health workforce, performance incentives faced by health professionals in the sending country, and the relative importance of primary care versus prevention to the disease burden in Africa" (Clemens, 2017). Countries such as Ghana, Uganda, Nigeria and Kenya, which were often brain drain countries, have instead, during the past decade, seen skilled urban professionals migrating to the booming economies of Gabon, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa (see Text box 1). Most of these migrants work in the private sector or at the university, taking advantage of the relaxed laws on residence and entry introduced in the early 1990s (Adepoju, 2008). The Ghanaian diaspora has been particularly active in pushing for dual nationality (Bump, 2006) in order to engage in domestic politics (see Text box 2). Diasporas can also bring about change through social remittances that see the spread of certain cultural or political norms (Levitt, 1998). For example, migration to countries with strong democratic institutions is found to influence attitudes on voting and democracy at home. Political contribution of the Ghanaian diaspora the Ghanaian diaspora was keen to maintain a political stake in Ghana and actively engage in domestic politics, particularly as politics liberalized in the 1990s. Diaspora members, particularly those living in Canada and the United Kingdom, thus pushed for dual nationality.
There are several diagnostic and therapeutic devices now utilized by integrative medical practitioners allergy treatment when pregnant purchase claritin without prescription. Bernard Williams allergy control products order discount claritin on line, with great expertise in this area allergy symptoms relief order claritin 10mg without prescription, has written Chapter 7, which discusses the science behind some of these devices and reviews potential clinical applications. We neither endorse nor do not endorse the efficacy of these devices, but rather feel that it is important to present to our readership the status of the science in this field. Similarly, in the energy modalities chapter of the first edition, we discussed laser acupuncture and conventional laser use. Marquina, who invented several therapeutic lasers, wrote Chapter 8, which describes state-of-the-art laser therapy and its clinical applications. The basis for an understanding of any scientific discipline, including integrative medicine, begins with education. Research into the scientific basis of integrative medicine is growing at a heartening rate. We hope that you thoroughly enjoy the second edition of our textbook, and that, most importantly, it spurs you to practice, research, or simply live out the wisdom presented here, which was derived from many before us who had the courage to bring creativity to the discipline of medical science. Len Wisneski Lucy Anderson Acknowledgments We are forever grateful to Lesley Carmack and Lila Anderson whose wisdom and profound understanding of subtle energy compelled us to write about the physiology of spirituality. Deepest thanks to Judith Homer Wisneski who helped in numerous practical ways and whose gentle stillness supported us both. Raphael Mechoulam at Hebrew University in Israel for taking the time to share their insight and knowledge of endogenous ligands, which we feel are critical to the human relaxation system. Elmer Green, the father of biofeedback and a remarkable scientist, who is willing to think outside the boundaries of conventional medicine. He was one of the first researchers to scientifically study healing and spirituality. Chapter 7, "Energy Medicine: Focus on Nonthermal Electromagnetic Therapies" was written by Bernard O. He has authored numerous books and professional articles and has demonstrated great expertise in the field of energy medicine. Marquina is an educator and inventor with more than 25 years experience in information systems, statistical analysis, and bioelectrical devices. For this, the second edition of the Scientific Basis of Integrative Medicine, we extend our gratitude to Beth Clay, who developed the initial framework for the Four Pillars and Two Guideposts, and to Mel Warriner, who assisted Len in formulating the Four Pillar concept while on retreat in the woods of West Virginia. Clyde Jensen for his expert assistance in guiding Len to crystallize the Four Pillars philosophy into reality at the University of Sint Eustatius School of Medicine. We also gratefully acknowledge Steven Grantowitz for his excellent assistance in improving our knowledge of prevailing and cuttingedge technologies that can be applied to medical education. We extend our thanks and appreciation to Amy Grantowitz for her excellent editorial assistance. Finally, thank you to Courtney Errico and Hope Wisneski for their assistance with editing the manuscript. We also would like to thank Iris Fahrer for her excellent services as project editor. We gratefully acknowledge the scholarship and diligence of the vast number of scientists and clinicians upon whose research this book is based. In particular, we want to pay tribute to those individuals who have had the courage to explore new frontiers of medical science. Disclaimer Although all of the stories that are included in this book are true and based on factual situations, some information and identifying details have been changed to protect the identity of the individuals described. The authors and publisher shall have neither responsibility nor liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss, damage, or injury caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this book. The information presented herein is in no way intended as a substitute for medical counseling and treatment. Wisneski Lucy Anderson xxv Introduction Beyond the MindBody connection the most divine art is that of healing; it must occupy itself with the soul as well as the body. A subsequent operation confirmed that Steve was studded with cancer throughout his abdomen and into the surrounding lymph nodes. Then, as now, there was no definitive treatment, especially for such an advanced cancer.
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