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In some cases diabetes high blood pressure generic glipizide 10 mg free shipping, they were obliged to metabolic brain disease journal impact factor order generic glipizide from india become part of the "entertainment industry" in order seek Official to metabolic disease specialist erie pa buy genuine glipizide on line survive economically. According to one estimate, brothels, bars, and what are known as "Taiwan style" barbershops (that is, those often employing a greater number of masseuses than barbers) employed as many as 1 million women, though not all were prostitutes. National self-image is, on one level, unambiguously defined by the convergence of territorial, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identities (see Population, this ch. More than Western peoples and even more than the Japanese, South Korean individuals are inclined to view themselves as a tightly knit national community with a common destiny. In a rapidly changing world, however, it is often difficult for them to define exactly what being a South Korean is. For example, the poet Kim Chi-ha, whose opposition to the Park regime in the 1970s was a Many modernized, 108 the Society and Its Environment model for a younger generation of dissidents, attacked the government as much for its neglect of traditional values as for its antidemocratic tendencies. The legendary Tangun was, according to the myth, the son of god and a bear- woman. While a majority of South Koreans remain suspicious of the North Koreans, many South Koreans also share the sentiments expressed by Kim Chi-ha: "Our name is division, and this soiled name, like an immovable destiny, oppresses all of us. While Western countries with their individualistic and, from a Confucian perspective, self-centered ways of life provide important images of "otherness" for South Koreans, the principal source of such images for many years has been Japan. Attitudes toward Japan as an "other" outsiders against 109 South Korea: A Country Study are complex. The textbook controversy was a major impetus for a national campaign to build an Independence Hall, located about 100 kilometers south of Seoul, to keep alive memories of Japanese colonial exploitation. During the colonial period, and particularly during World War the Japanese initiated assimilation policies designed to turn Koreans into obedient subjects of the Japanese emperor. Under the slogan "Nissen ittai" (Japan and Korea as One), newspapers and magazines published in the Korean language were closed, the Korean Language Society was disbanded, and Korean writers were forced to publish only in Japanese. There was pressure to speak Japanese at home, adopt Japanese family and given names, and worship at Shinto shrines, the religious basis for which had been transplanted from the home islands. Korean Christians who refused to show reverence to the emperor as a divinity were imprisoned or ostracized. In the late 1980s, the government continued to prohibit the distribution of Japanese-made movies and popular music within the country in order to prevent unwanted contemporary influences from crossing the Korea Strait. Mixed in with feelings of hostility and competition, however, is genuine admiration for Japanese economic, technological, and social achievements. Both countries have been targets of criticism by Western governments accusing them of unfair trading practices. Like South Koreans, Japanese liberals have been disturbed by official attempts to revise wartime history. The Korean Language Modern Korean language Silla is descended from the language of the Kingdom, which unified the peninsula in the seventh century. As Korean linguist Yi Ki-mun notes, the more remote origins of the Korean language are disputed, although many Korean linguists, together with a few western scholars, continue to favor the now widely-contested nineteenth-century theory of an Altaic family of languages supposed to include Korean, Japanese, and Mongolian, among other languages. Although a historical relationship between Korean and Japanese has not been established, modern Korean and Japanese have many similar grammatical features, no doubt in part because of close contacts between the two during the past century. These similarities have given rise to considerable speculation in the popular press. The linguist Kim Chin-wu, for 111 South Korea: A Country Study example, has hypothesized that Korea and Japan stood at the end of two routes of large-scale migration in ancient times: a northern route from Inner Asia and a southern route from southern China or Southeast Asia. Both Korean and Japanese possess what is sometimes called "polite" or "honorific" language, the use of different levels of speech in addressing persons of superior, inferior, or equal rank. These distinctions depend both on the use of different vocabulary and upon basic structural differences in the words employed. For example, in Korean the imperative "go" can be rendered kara when speaking to an inferior or a child, kage when speaking to an adult inferior, kaseyo when speaking to a superior, and kasipsio when speaking to a person of still higher rank. The proper use of polite language, or levels of polite speech, is an extremely complex and subde matter. The Korean language, like Japanese, is extremely sensitive to the nuances of hierarchical human relationships. Two persons who meet for the first time are expected to use the more distant or formal terms, but they will shift to more informal or "equal" terms if they become friends. Younger people invariably use formal language in addressing elders; the latter will use "inferior" terms in "talking down" to those who are younger. As a result, as Professor historical it the was scorned by scholars and relegated to women and merchants.
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Maintenance of the uterine epithelium for implantation beyond 14 days after ovulation d diabetes signs in cats purchase glipizide 10mg otc. The formation of a corpus albicans from the structure 370 Anatomy blood sugar count chart purchase glipizide on line, Histology diabetes 3 diet purchase generic glipizide online, and Cell Biology 251. The accompanying diagram shows a cross section of a developing human endometrium and myometrium. Cells in the layers labeled A and C in the figure below secrete plasminogen activator and collagenase that is required for which of the following Breakdown of the basement membrane between the thecal and granulosa layers, facilitating ovulation d. Facilitation of follicular atresia through breakdown of the basement membrane between the theca interna and externa 372 Anatomy, Histology, and Cell Biology 253. Regulation of metabolism Transfer of maternal antibodies to the suckling neonate Removal of waste products during gestation Facilitate clotting of ejaculated semen in the female Enhancement of sperm function Reproductive Systems Answers 235. Elevated estrogen levels result in increased secretion of lytic enzymes, prostaglandins, plasminogen activator, and collagenase to facilitate the rupture of the ovarian wall and the release of the ovum and the attached corona radiata. Leydig cells are located between seminiferous tubules and are responsible for the production of testosterone. The star delineates a cluster of Leydig cells, found between the seminiferous tubules. Leydig cell tumors develop in males between 20 and 60 years of age and produce androgens, estrogens, and sometimes glucocorticoids. It supports the function of Sertoli cells, which serve a nutritive role in sperm cell maturation. Parathyroid hormone (answer e) is synthesized and released from the principal cells of the parathyroid gland. Testosterone is necessary for maintenance of spermatogenesis as well as the male ducts and accessory glands. Sertoli cells have extensive tight (occluding) junctions between them that form the bloodtestis barrier. Sertoli cells communicate with adjacent cells through gap junctions and extend from outside the blood-testis barrier (basal portion) to luminal (apical portion). During spermatogenesis, preleptotene spermatocytes cross from the basal to the adluminal compartment across the zonula occludens between adjacent Sertoli cells. The testis is composed of seminiferous tubules containing a number of spermatogenic cells undergoing spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. The cells labeled with the arrowheads are spermatogonia, the derivatives of the embryonic primordial germ cells. These cells comprise the basal layer and undergo mitosis (spermatocytogenesis) to form primary spermatocytes, which have distinctive clumped or coarse chromatin (marked by arrows). Secondary spermatocytes are formed during the first meiotic division and exist for only a short period of time because there is no lag period before entry into the second meiotic division that results in the formation of spermatids. The spermatids begin as round structures and elongate with the formation of the flagellum. This last part of seminiferous tubule function is the differentiation of sperm from spermatids (spermiogenesis) and is complete with the release of mature sperm into the lumen of the tubule. Also shown are the seminiferous tubules (C) and the mediastinum testis containing the rete testis (A). Sperm leave the seminiferous tubules through short tubuli recti into the straight tubules of the rete testis, which subsequently drain into the efferent ductules. The thick muscular wall is unique in the presence of an inner longitudinal, a middle circular, and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle. The ureter has two thin layers of muscle: inner longitudinal and outer circular (answer c). The male and female urethra contain extensive vascular channels (answers a and b). The epididymis consists of a connective tissue stroma and stores sperm, resorbs fluid, and produces sperm maturation factors (answer e).
Pheochromocytoma is a common tumor of the adrenal medulla that leads to diabetes mellitus management ppt buy glipizide an excess of norepinephrine signs of diabetic ketoacidosis purchase glipizide 10mg amex, which causes hypertension and hyperglycemia managing diabetes mellitus buy glipizide 10mg overnight delivery. Vasoconstriction of arterioles occurs in conjunction with the increased blood pressure. The pinealocytes secrete melatonin in response to the light-dark cycle and influence the rhythmicity of other endocrine organs. The pineal contains two main cell types: pinealocytes and neuroglia [the latter appear to be modified astrocytes 350 Endocrine Glands Answers 351 (answer c)]. The pineal is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers in a fashion similar to other glands in the head and neck region. There are age-related changes in the pineal in which the number of concretions and the degree of calcification of the "brain sand" increase. The pineal can be identified and used as a landmark in radiologic procedures by its calcification. The result is hypertrophy of the fetal adrenal cortex, which is a critical fetal structure that produces dehydroepiandrosterone. The excessive production of androgens by the fetal adrenal leads to masculinization of the female genitalia. Increased secretion of cortisol cannot occur because of the metabolic defect in this pathway; therefore, negative feedback control is not functional. The fetal cortex is part of maternal-feto-placental unit because dehydroepiandrosterone is used by the placenta to produce estradiol. The fetal adrenal cortex involutes following birth, causing an overall reduction in the size of the adrenal. The adult cortex (zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis) replaces the fetal adrenal cortex. The zona fasciculata and zona reticularis produce androgens after birth (answer c). Androgen insensitivity is the cause of testicular feminization and is not a factor in the adrenogenital syndrome (answer a). The elevated thyroid hormone secretion leads to the nervousness, weight loss, and extreme mood changes experienced by the patient. The thyroid gland is shown in the photomicrograph and is most often confused histologically with lactating mammary gland, which differs from the thyroid in the presence of an elaborate duct system. The thyroid is composed of follicles filled with colloidal material and surrounded by follicular cells with a cuboidal-to-columnar epithelium. The C cells are found outside the follicular cells and produce calcitonin, synthesized by the interfollicular "C" (parafollicular) cells derived embryologically from the ultimobranchial bodies (fourth and possibly fifth pair of branchial pouches). Calcitonin decreases elevated serum calcium levels by transiently inhibiting osteoclastic activity through receptors on osteoclasts. Destruction of C cells would lead to an absence of calcitonin and high serum calcium levels. The thyroid follicular epithelial cells import iodide and amino acids from the capillary lumen. The follicular cells synthesize thyroglobulin from Endocrine Glands Answers 353 amino acids. Thyroglobulin is iodinated while in the colloid, and iodinated thyroglobulin (not the thyroid hormones) is the storage product in the thyroid colloid. Most of the secretion of the human thyroid gland is composed of thyroxine, although triiodothyronine is more potent. The pars nervosa consists of pituicytes (supportive glia) and the Herring bodies, dilated axons that originate in the supraoptic and paraventicular nuclei. These nuclei produce oxytocin and vasopressin that are stored in the Herring bodies. Overall, the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is formed from two types of ectoderm. The pars distalis includes the classic histologic cell types: chromophils (acidophils and basophils) and chromophobes (acidophils and basophils that are depleted of secretory product). The pars intermedia is also formed from the oral ectoderm, is rudimentary in humans, and may produce preproopiomelanocortic peptide. The pars tuberalis forms a collar around the pituitary stalk and is also derived from the oral ectoderm. The pars nervosa (including Herring bodies) and the remainder of the pituitary stalk (infundibular stem and median eminence) are formed from a downgrowth of the diencephalon.
Ideally the leaders for police training are civilian police personnel from the Departments of Justice and State along with senior police officers from multinational partners diabetes test machine price in india generic glipizide 10mg online. Civilian police have personnel with extensive experience in large city operations diabetes symptoms toddler purchase generic glipizide pills. Justice Department and multinational police organizations also have extensive experience operating against organized crime groups diabetes type 2 zonder medicatie order glipizide uk. However, there may be times when military forces are given the primary responsibility for police training, and they must be prepared to assume that role if required. Higher-level police-skills such as civilian criminal investigation procedures, anti-organized crime operations, and police intelligence operations-are best taught by civilian experts. Military police or corrections personnel can also provide training for detention and corrections operations. Prisoner and detainee management procedures should provide for the security and the fair and efficient processing of those detained. Police forces, just like military forces, need effective support personnel to be effective. This requires training teams to ensure that training in support functions is established. Specially trained personnel required by police forces include the following: Armorers. Effective policing also requires an effective justice system with trained judges, prosecutors, defense counsel, prison officials, and court personnel who can process arrests, detentions, warrants, and other judicial records. Advisers should assist the host nation in establishing and enforcing the roles and authority of the police. The authority to detain and interrogate, procedures for detention facilities, and human rights standards are important considerations during this process. Developing a Police Force in Malaya In 1948, the Malayan Communist Party began an insurgency against the British colonial government. Between 1948 and 1950, the Malaya Police was expanded fivefold to 50,000 men, while the British army garrison was expanded to 40,000 men. However, there was not enough time to provide anything more than a few weeks of rudimentary training to the new police officers before throwing them into operations. Police with little training and little competent leadership were not only ineffective in conducting operations but also routinely abused the civilian population and fell into corrupt practices. The population largely regarded the police as a hostile force and was reluctant to provide information on the insurgents. In response, the British began reforming and retraining the entire Malayan Police force. The officers who had proven to be most competent in operations were pulled from the field and made instructors in new police schools. A police intelligence school was established, where police officers were taught the latest methods of criminal investigation as well as intelligence collection and analysis. Efforts to bring Chinese into the army and police were fairly successful, and both forces began to be more representative of the Malayan population as a whole. With thorough police and soldier training and with fully trained officers, the discipline of the Malayan security forces improved dramatically. With better discipline in the police, the Malayan civilian population provided more information about the insurgent organization and forces. Thanks to the intelligence training program, intelligence analysis quickly improved. By 1953, the government had gained the initiative and the insurgent military forces and support structure were in a state of rapid decline. Marine Corps Doctrinal Publication 1, 1997 There are leadership and ethical imperatives that are prominent and in some cases unique to counterinsurgency. The dynamic and ambiguous environment of modern counterinsurgency places a premium on leadership at every level, from sergeant to general. They must also rapidly adapt cognitively and emotionally to the perplexing challenges of counterinsurgency, and master new competencies as well as new contexts. Those in leadership positions must provide the moral compass for their subordinates as they navigate this complex environment.